20/12/2019: Macao–Hong Kong Financial Cooperation Agreement signed
The Macau and Hong Kong authorities signed a financial cooperation agreement to strengthen monetary and financial stability, impacting the value and role of the Macanese pataca.
01/01/2017: Floating Exchange Rate Regime
Mongolia adopts a fully floating exchange rate regime for the Tugrik, allowing the currency's value to be determined by market forces without intervention from the central bank.
26/06/2009: Currency Redenomination
Mongolia redenominates its currency, replacing the old Tugrik banknotes with new ones at a ratio of 1 to 1000, in an effort to simplify transactions and reduce inflation.
08/05/1995: Currency board system implemented
Macau adopted a currency board system, establishing a fixed exchange rate between the Macanese pataca and the Hong Kong dollar.
06/03/1993: Mongolia Joins IMF
Mongolia becomes a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), influencing monetary policies and further shaping the development of the Tugrik currency.
01/07/1992: Tugrik Exchange Rate Liberalization
Mongolia liberalizes the exchange rate of the Tugrik, allowing it to fluctuate based on market forces and paving the way for a more flexible currency system.
21/12/1991: Transition to Market Economy
Mongolia undergoes a transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, leading to major changes in the Tugrik currency system.
20/10/1977: Internationalization of the pataca
Macau allowed the international use and exchange of the Macanese pataca, strengthening its role as a stable and convertible currency.
08/06/1967: Link with Portuguese escudo reestablished
The Macanese pataca was once again pegged to the Portuguese escudo, ending the gold standard era.
18/06/1948: Gold standard introduced
The Macanese pataca switched to the gold standard, with its value pegged to gold coins. The gold standard lasted until 1967.
04/07/1946: Mongolian People's Bank Established
The Mongolian People's Bank is established as the central bank of Mongolia, responsible for issuing and managing the Tugrik currency.
01/12/1925: Introduction of the Tugrik Currency
Mongolia officially introduces the Tugrik as its national currency, replacing the previous currency system.
17/03/1906: Silver standard established
Macau adopted the silver standard for the pataca, linking its value to silver coins in circulation. This standard remained in place until 1948.
27/10/1901: Introduction of Macanese pataca
The Macanese pataca was first introduced as the official currency of Macau, replacing the Portuguese real. It was initially pegged to the Portuguese escudo.