20/03/2020: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant decline in oil prices, affecting Nigeria's economy and putting pressure on the Naira's exchange rate.
20/12/2019: Macao–Hong Kong Financial Cooperation Agreement signed
The Macau and Hong Kong authorities signed a financial cooperation agreement to strengthen monetary and financial stability, impacting the value and role of the Macanese pataca.
20/06/2016: Adoption of Flexible Exchange Rate Policy
The Central Bank of Nigeria adopted a flexible exchange rate policy, allowing the Naira to float freely against other currencies based on market forces.
29/05/1999: Transition to Democratic Governance
Nigeria transitioned to democratic governance, leading to economic reforms and stability, positively affecting the value and management of the Naira currency.
08/05/1995: Currency board system implemented
Macau adopted a currency board system, establishing a fixed exchange rate between the Macanese pataca and the Hong Kong dollar.
12/06/1993: Introduction of the Third Nigerian Naira
The third Nigerian Naira (NGN) was introduced after the country's return to civilian rule following years of military regimes.
31/12/1984: Implementation of the Structural Adjustment Program
The Nigerian government implemented the Structural Adjustment Program, leading to a significant devaluation of the Naira and the adoption of a floating exchange rate.
01/07/1979: Adoption of the Second Nigerian Naira
The second Nigerian Naira (NGN) was introduced following the adoption of a new constitution and the country's transition to civilian rule.
20/10/1977: Internationalization of the pataca
Macau allowed the international use and exchange of the Macanese pataca, strengthening its role as a stable and convertible currency.
01/07/1973: Introduction of decimal currency
The Nigerian Naira was introduced as the official currency of Nigeria, replacing the pound sterling with a decimal currency system.
08/06/1967: Link with Portuguese escudo reestablished
The Macanese pataca was once again pegged to the Portuguese escudo, ending the gold standard era.
18/06/1948: Gold standard introduced
The Macanese pataca switched to the gold standard, with its value pegged to gold coins. The gold standard lasted until 1967.
17/03/1906: Silver standard established
Macau adopted the silver standard for the pataca, linking its value to silver coins in circulation. This standard remained in place until 1948.
27/10/1901: Introduction of Macanese pataca
The Macanese pataca was first introduced as the official currency of Macau, replacing the Portuguese real. It was initially pegged to the Portuguese escudo.